Evaluation of fungicide resistance in Alternaria alternata isolates of potato in Isfahan region

Document Type : Research Article

Author

Isfahan University of Technology

Abstract

Early blight of potato caused by Alternaria species is one of the most destructive and prevalent diseases of potato in the world. In recent years, the disease has become important in Iranian potato-producing regions, especially in Isfahan province, and farmers often use fungicides to control the disease. Considering the problem of resistance to some common fungi, this study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility/resistance of nine isolates of A. alternata to conventional fungicides (mancozeb, chlorothalonil, iminoctadine tris, Concento) by using vegetative growth inhibition method under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. The results revealed that most isolates collected from potato fields that were regularly treated with fungicides such as mancozeb exhibited less sensitivity to mancozeb. In contrast, against chlorothalonil, the least difference was observed in the susceptibility of different isolates. The greenhouse experiment showed that the highest control of the disease could be achieved by chlorothalonil and mancozeb treatment. These two fungicides at their recommended concentrations reduced the severity of the disease to less than 15 percent for 20 days after inoculation. Based on the results, concerning the resistance levels observed in the laboratory conditions, mancozeb application might be recommended in alternation with other fungicides such as chlorothalonil and iminoctadine tris.

Keywords

References

Abu-El Samen, F., Goussous, S. J., Al-Shudifat, A. and Makhadmeh, I. 2016. Reduced sensitivity of tomato early blight pathogen (Alternaria solani) isolates to protectant fungicides, and implication on disease control. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 49: 120-136.
Al-Mughrabi, K. 2004. Sensitivity of Jordanian isolates of Alternaria solani to mancothane.
Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 43:14-19.
Avenot, H. F. and Michailides, T. J. 2007. Resistance to boscalid fungicide in Alternaria alternata isolates from pistachio in California. Plant Disease, 91: 1345-1350.
Barak, E. and Edgington, L. 1984. Cross-resistance of Botrytis cinerea to captan, thiram, chlorothalonil, and related fungicides. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 6: 318-320.
Ellis, J.B. and Martin, G.B. 1882. New species of North American fungi. The American Naturalist, 16: 1001-1004.
Ershad, D. 2009. Fungi of Iran. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran. 
Fairchild, K. L., Miles, T. D. and Wharton, P. S. 2013. Assessing fungicide resistance in populations of Alternaria in Idaho potato fields. Crop Protection, 49: 31-39.
Georgopoulos, S.G 1977. Pathogens become resistant to chemicals, In: "Plant Disease-An advanced Treatise." J.G. Horsfall and E.B. Cowling (Eds.), Academic Press,New York, Pp.327-345.
Holm, A. L., Rivera, V. V., Secor, G. A. and Gudmestad, N. C. 2003. Temporal sensitivity of Alternaria solani to foliar fungicides. American Journal of Potato Research, 80: 33-40.
Mostert, L., Denman, S. and Crous, P. 2017. In vitro screening of fungicides against Phomopsis viticola and Diaporthe perjuncta. South African Journal for Enology and Viticulture, 21: 62-65.
Myresiotis, C., Bardas, G. and Karaoglanidis, G. 2008. Baseline sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to pyraclostrobin and boscalid and control of anilinopyrimidine-and benzimidazole-resistant strains by these fungicides. Plant Disease, 92: 1427-1431.
Nasr Esfahani, M., Naderipour, S. and Rafizade N., 2010. Effect of fungicides inhibition on the growth of Alternaria alternata and A.solani. Journal of Plant Protection, 2: 312-291.
Odiibekov, F., Edin, G., Mostafanezhad, H., Coolman, H., Grenville-Briggs, L.J. and Liljeroth, E. 2019. Within-Season changes in Alternaria solani populations in potato in response to fungicide application strategies. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 155: 953-965.
Pasche, J., Piche, L. and Gudmestad, N. 2005. Effect of the f129l mutation in Alternaria solani on fungicides affecting mitochondrial respiration. Plant Disease, 89: 269-278.
Patel, H., Shekh, A., Patel, J., Mishra, A., Valand, G., Patel, G., Pandey, R. and Mistry, D. 2004. Early blight management and its effects on tuber yield of two potato cultivars under varied environmental condition. Journal of Agrometeorology, 6: 229-233.
Pscheidt, J. and Stevenson, W. 1988. The critical period for control of early blight (Alternaria solani) of potato. American Journal of Potato Research, 65: 425-438.
Reuveni, M. and Sheglov, D. 2002. Effects of azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, polyoxin b (polar) and trifloxystrobin on germination and growth of Alternaria alternata and decay in red delicious apple fruit. Crop Protection, 21: 951- 955.
Rodriguez, N., Kowalski, B., Rodriguez, L., Caraballoso, I., Suarez, M., Perez, P., Quintana, C., González, N. and Ramos, R. J. J. o. p. 2007. In vitro and ex vitro selection of potato plantlets for resistance to early blight. Journal of Phytopathology, 155: 582-586.
Sherf, A. F. and MacNab, A. A. 1986. Vegetable diseases and their control. John Wiley & Sons.
Shi, X., Ren, L., Song, Y., Han, J., Liu, H. and Zhang, Y. 2015. Sensitivity of Alternaria solani to boscalid and control of boscalid resistance with commonly-used fungicides in shanxi, China. Australas. Plant Pathology, 44: 327-334.
Shtienberg, D., Bergeron, S., Nicholson, A., Fry, W. and Ewing, E. 1990. Development and evaluation of a general model for yield loss assessment in potatoes. Phytopathology, 80: 466-472.
Simmons, E. 2007. Alternaria, an identification manual. Utrecht: CBS fungal biodiversity centre, 775 p. 
Staub, T. 1991. Fungicide resistance: Practical experience with anti resistance strategies and the role of integrated use. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 29: 421-442.
Sujkowski, L., Fry, B., Power, R., Goodwin, S., Peever, T. and Hamlen, R. 1995. Sensitivities of Mexican isolates of Phytophthora infestans to chlorothalonil, cymoxanil, and metalaxyl. Plant Disease, 79: 1117- 1120.
Tillman, R. W., Siegel, M. R. and Long, J. W. 1973. Mechanism of action and fate of the fungicide chlorothalonil (2, 4, 5, 6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) in biological systems: I. Reactions with cells and subcellular components of Saccharomyces pastorianus. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 3: 160-167.
Wang, H., Sun, H., Stammler, G., Ma, J. and Zhou, M. 2010. Generation and characterization of isolates of Peronophythora litchii resistant to carboxylic acid amide fungicides. Phytopathology, 100: 522-527.
Weber, R. W. and Hahn, M. 2011. A rapid and simple method for determining fungicide resistance in Botrytis. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 118: 17-25.
Yaug, L.N., He, M.H., Quyang, H.B., Zhu,  W., Pan, Z.C., Sui, Q.J., Shang, L.P. and Zhan, J. 2019. Cross-resistance of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata to fungicides with different modes of action. BMC Microbiology, 10:205 http://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1574-8
 
 
Pasche, J., Piche, L. and Gudmestad, N. 2005. Effect of the f129l mutation in Alternaria solani on fungicides affecting mitochondrial respiration. Plant Disease, 89: 269-278.
Patel, H., Shekh, A., Patel, J., Mishra, A., Valand, G., Patel, G., Pandey, R. and Mistry, D. 2004. Early blight management and its effects on tuber yield of two potato cultivars under varied environmental condition. Journal of Agrometeorology, 6: 229-233.
Pscheidt, J. and Stevenson, W. 1988. The critical period for control of early blight (Alternaria solani) of potato. American Journal of Potato Research, 65: 425-438.
Reuveni, M. and Sheglov, D. 2002. Effects of azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, polyoxin b (polar) and trifloxystrobin on germination and growth of Alternaria alternata and decay in red delicious apple fruit. Crop Protection, 21: 951- 955.
Rodriguez, N., Kowalski, B., Rodriguez, L., Caraballoso, I., Suarez, M., Perez, P., Quintana, C., González, N. and Ramos, R. J. J. o. p. 2007. In vitro and ex vitro selection of potato plantlets for resistance to early blight. Journal of Phytopathology, 155: 582-586.
Sherf, A. F. and MacNab, A. A. 1986. Vegetable diseases and their control. John Wiley & Sons.
Shi, X., Ren, L., Song, Y., Han, J., Liu, H. and Zhang, Y. 2015. Sensitivity of Alternaria solani to boscalid and control of boscalid resistance with commonly-used fungicides in shanxi, China. Australas. Plant Pathology, 44: 327-334.
Shtienberg, D., Bergeron, S., Nicholson, A., Fry, W. and Ewing, E. 1990. Development and evaluation of a general model for yield loss assessment in potatoes. Phytopathology, 80: 466-472.
Simmons, E. 2007. Alternaria, an identification manual. Utrecht: CBS fungal biodiversity centre, 775 p. 
Staub, T. 1991. Fungicide resistance: Practical experience with anti resistance strategies and the role of integrated use. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 29: 421-442.
Sujkowski, L., Fry, B., Power, R., Goodwin, S., Peever, T. and Hamlen, R. 1995. Sensitivities of Mexican isolates of Phytophthora infestans to chlorothalonil, cymoxanil, and metalaxyl. Plant Disease, 79: 1117- 1120.
Tillman, R. W., Siegel, M. R. and Long, J. W. 1973. Mechanism of action and fate of the fungicide chlorothalonil (2, 4, 5, 6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) in biological systems: I. Reactions with cells and subcellular components of saccharomyces pastorianus. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 3: 160-167.
Wang, H., Sun, H., Stammler, G., Ma, J. and Zhou, M. 2010. Generation and characterization of isolates of Peronophythora litchii resistant to carboxylic acid amide fungicides. Phytopathology, 100: 522-527.
Weber, R. W. and Hahn, M. 2011. A rapid and simple method for determining fungicide resistance in Botrytis. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 118: 17-25
Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology
Volume 57, Issue 3
June 2022
Pages 177-187

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics