Detection of Pierces Disease in some Vineyards of Iran

Document Type : Research Article

Author

Researcher

Abstract

Pierces disease (PD) has been recently reported of Iran. To determine the distribution pattern of this disease, during 2013-2018 years, 365 samples of leaf and stem of grapes of 88 vineyards were collected with PD symptoms. Samples obtained of Iranian grape growing provinces of Fars, Khorasan Razavi, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Semnan, Alborz, Tehran, Qazvin, Zanjan, West Azarbaijan, East Azarbaijan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Kohgiluyeh va BoyerAhmad, Markazi, Hamedan and Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiary. Samples were tested for the presence of Xylella fastidiosa by culturing, DAS-ELISA and PCR assay with X. fastidiosa-specific primers. Pathogenicity tests, for some isolates, were conducted on grapevine (cv. Bidaneh Qazvin) under greenhouse conditions. Early symptoms is leaf scorched, while adjacent tissues turned yellow or red. Some grapes showed matchstick symptoms in which the leaves dropped from the plant, while petioles remained attached. Approximately 56%, 44.8% and 7.1% of the samples, by DAS-ELISA, PCR and culturing, were infected to X. fastidiosa, respectively. Although based on DAS-ELISA all of the sampled provinces showed infected to X. fastidiosa, there were by the results of culturing and PCR infected to X. fastidiosa is definitive for some vineyards provinces of Fars, Khorasan Razavi, Alborz, Qazvin, Zanjan, Lorestan, Hamedan and Chahar Mahal-va-Bakhtiary. This mapping obtained the dispersion of PD in vineyards of Iran, and can be used as a distribution guide map of X. fastidiosa for plant protection organization of Iran.

Keywords

References

Almeida R. P. P. and Purcell A. H. 2003. Biological traits of Xylella fastidiosa strains from grapes and almonds. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69: 7447-7452.
Almeida R. P. P., Purcell A. H. and Alexander H. 2003. Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevines by Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96: 264-271.
Almeida R. P.P., Mann R. and Purcell A. H. 2004.  Xylella fastidiosa cultivation on a minimal solid defined medium. Current Microbiology 48: 368–372.
Amanifar  N. 2014. Molecular and biological characterization of  Xylella  fastidiosa in Iran. PhD. Thesis, submitted to Shiraz University, Iran, 212 pp.
Amanifar N., Taghavi T. Izadpanah K and Babaei Gh. 2014. Isolation and Pathogenicity of  Xylella fastidiosa from Grapevine and Almond in Iran. Phytopathologia Mediterranea53: 318−327.
Amanifar N., Taghavi M. and Salehi M. 2016. Xylella fastidiosa from almond in Iran: overwinter recovery and effects of antibiotics. Phytopathologia Mediterranea55: 337-345.
Amanifar N., Babaei Gh. and  Mohammadi A.M. 2019. Xylella fastidiosa causes a leaf scorch pistachio (Pistacia vera) in Iran. Phytopathologia Mediterranea58: 57-66.
Bextine B. R. and Miller T. A. 2004. Comparison of whole-tissue and xylem fluid collection techniques to detect Xylella fastidiosa in grapevine and oleander. Plant Dis. 88:600-604.
Blua M. J., Hillips P. A. P and Redak R. A. 1999. A new sharpshooter threatens both crops and ornamentals. California Agriculture 53: 22-25.
Chatterjee S., Killiny N., Almeida R. P. P. and Lindow S. E. 2010. Role of cyclic di-GMP in Xylella fastidiosa biofilm formation, plant virulence, and insect transmission. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 23: 1356–1363.
Chen J., Lamikanra O., Chang C. J.  and Hopkins D. L. 1995. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Xylella fastidiosa Pierce's disease and oak leaf scorch pathotypes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 1688-1690.
Chen J., Groves R., Zheng Y., Civerolo E.L., Viveros M. and Freeman M. 2007. Colony morphology of Xylella fastidiosa almond leaf scorch strains. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 29: 225-231.
Costa H. S., Raetz E., Pinckard T. R., Gispert C., Hernandez-Martinez R., Dumenyo C. K. and Cooksey D. A. 2004. Plant hosts of Xylella fastidiosa in and near southern California vineyards. Plant Disease 88:1255-1261.
Davis M. J., Purcell A. H. and Thomson S. V. 1978. Pierce's disease of grapevines: isolation of the causal bacterium. Science 199: 75-77.
Davis M. J., Thomson S. V.  and Purcell A. H. 1980. Etiological role of a xylem-limited bacterium causing Pierce's disease in almond leaf scorch. Phytopathology 70: 472-475.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2018. Scientific report on the update of the Xylella spp. host plant database. EFSA Journal 16: 5408, 87 pp.
Feil H., Feil W. S. and Purcell A. H. 2003. Effects of date of inoculation on the within plant movement of Xylella fastidiosa and persistence of Pierce’s disease within field grapevines. Phytopathology 93:244-251.
Gai C. S., Dini-Andreote F., Andreote F. D., Lopes J. R. S., Araújo W. L., Miller T. A., Azevedo J. L. and Lacava P. T. 2011. Endophytic Bacteria Associated to Sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Insect Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca. Journal of Plant Pathology and Microbiology  2:2-8.
Goodwin P. H., DeVay J. E.  and Meredith C. P. 1988. Roles of water stress and phytotoxins in the development of Pierce's disease of the grapevine. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 32: 1-15.
Hopkins D. L. 1989. Xylella fastidiosa: xylem-limited bacterial pathogen of plants. Annual Review of Phytopathology 27: 271-290.
Minsavage G. V., Thompson C. M., Hopkins D. L., Leite R. M. and Stall R. E. 1994. Development of a polymerase chain reaction protocol for detection of Xylella fastidiosa in plant tissue. Phytopathology 84: 456-461.
Pierce N. B. 1892. The California vine disease. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Vegetable Pathology Bull. 2.Washington, DC.
Pooler M. R. and Hartung J. S.. 1995. Specific PCR detection and identification of Xylella fastidiosa causing citrus variegated chlorosis. Current Microbiology 31: 377-381.
Purcell A. H. 2013. Paradigms: Examples from the Bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Annual Review of Phytopathology 51:339–56.
Purcell A. H. and Hopkins D. L. 1996. Fastidious xylem-limited bacterial plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 34: 131-151.
Purcell A. H. and Saunders S. R. 1999. Fate of Pierce's disease strains of Xylella fastidiosa in common riparian plants in California. Plant Disease 83: 825-830.
Kyrkou I., Pusa T., Ellegaard-Jensen L., Sagot M.F. and Hansen L.H. 2018. Pierce's Disease of Grapevines: A Review of Control Strategies and an Outline of an Epidemiological Model. Frontiers in Microbiology 9:2141.
Sambrook J. and  Russell D. 2001. Molecular cloning: A laboratory Manual, 3rd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. 2100 pp.
Schaad N.W., Jones J.B. and Chun W. 2001. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA. 373 pp.
Sherald J. L. and Lei J. D. 1991. Evaluation of a rapid ELISA test kit for detection of Xylella fastidiosa in landscaping trees. Plant Disease 75: 200-203.
Su C.C., Deng W.L., Jan F.J., Chang C.J., Huang H., Shih H.T. and Chen J. 2016. Xylella taiwanensis sp. nov., causing pear leaf scorch disease. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66: 4766–4771.
Thorne E. T., Stevenson J. F., Rost T. L., Labavitch J. M. and Matthews M. A. 2006. Pierce's disease symptoms: comparison with symptoms of water deficit and the impact of water deficits. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 57: 1–11.
Tubajika K. M., Civerolo E. L., Ciomperlik M. A., Luvisi D. A. and Hashim J. M. 2004. Analysis of the spatial patterns of Pierce’s disease incidence in the lower San Joaquin Valley in California. Phytopathology 94:1136-1144.
Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology
Volume 56, Issue 1
August 2020
Pages 1-15

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics