Morphological, phenotypic and pathogenicity characters of the bacteria causing blotch on button mushroom in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 gratuated student in plant pathology, plant protection department, Shahrekord university

2 department of plant protection, faculty of agriculture, shahrekord university, rahbar blvd.

3 department of plant protection, faculty of agriculture, shahrekord university, Shahrekord

Abstract

Bacterial blotch is one of the most important diseases of white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) which results in consumer demand loss at the marketplace. The main aim of this study was identification of bacteria causing blotches in some mushroom cultivation centers of Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province. Mushrooms with cream to brown or black blotches on caps and stems were collected and bacterial isolation was done. The phenotypic characteristics of isolates were investigated. Pathogenicity tests were performed on excised tissue blocks, on intact caps and by injection to stipe of A. bisporus. Some of pathogenic isolates were identified as Pseudomonas tolaasii based on phenotypic characters and detection by Pt1A/1D primer sets in PCR. The others were identified as Ewingella americana based on phenotypic characters, pathogenicity on stipe and the partial sequence of 16S rDNA region. Based on pathogenicity tests, P. tolaasii isolates were divided in two distinct groups: high pathogenic and low/non-pathogenic. These two groups differed in some phenotypic characters such as type and color of colony, HR on geranium and potato rot test. To the authors'' knowledge, it is the first description of low/non- pathogenic isolate of P. tolaasii and the first report of E. americana from Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province.

Keywords

References

Abou-Zeid M. A. 2012. Pathogenic variation in isolates of Pseudomonas causing the brown blotch of cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 43 (3): 1137-1146.
Adeolu M., Alnajar S., Naushad S. and Gupta R. S. 2016. Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the ‘Enterobacteriales’: proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66: 5575–5599.
Akhlaghi M., Tarighi S., Farsi M. and Taheri P. 2015. Identification and investigation of some virulence factors of Pseudomonas tolaasii isolated from mushroom in Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 51(4) 399-412 (In Persian with English summary).
Ansari Dezfooli N., Hasanzadeh N., Rezaee B. and Ghasemi A. 2012. Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Compositions of Chamaemelum nobile Essential Oil/Extracts against Pseudomonas tolaasii, the Causative Agent of Mushroom Brown Blotch. Annals of Biological Research 3 (6):2602-2608.
Aslani M. A., Harighi B. and Abdollahzadeh J. 2018. Screening of endofungal bacteria isolated from wild growing mushrooms as potential biological control agents against brown blotch and internal stipe necrosis diseases of Agaricus bisporus. Biological Control 119: 20–26.
Basim E. and Basim H. 2018. Characterization of Pseudomonas tolaasii isolates, causing brown blotch disease of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 20(12):2721-2730.
Braithwaite M., Pay J. M. and Eade K. 2005. First record of Ewingella americana on cultivated mushrooms in New Zealand. In Proceeding and Abstract of the 15th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Conference. p. 96.
Brodey C., Rainey P. B., Tester M. and Johnstone K. 1991. Bacterial blotch disease of the cultivated mushroom is caused by an ion channel forming lipodepsipeptide toxin. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interaction 4:407–411.
Cole A. L. J. and Skellrup M. 1986. Ultrastructure of interaction of Agaricus bisporus and Pseudomonas tolaasii. Transaction of the British Mycological Society 87(2): 314-316.
Cutri S. S., Macauley J. B. and Roberts, W. P. 1984. Characteristics of pathogenic non-fluorescent (smooth) and non-pathogenic fluorescent (rough) forms of Pseudomonas tolaasii and Pseudornonas gingeri. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 51: 291-298.
Devreese K., Claeys G. and Verschraegen G. 1992. Septicemia with Ewingella americana. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30(10): 2746-2747.‏
González A. J., González-Varela G. and Gea F. J. 2009. Brown blotch caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii on cultivated Pleurotus eryngii in spain. Plant disease 93(6): 667.
Goor M., Vantomme R., Swings J., Gillis M., Kerstersi K. and Deley J. 1986. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Pseudomonas tolaasii and white line reacting organisms isolated from cultivated mushrooms. Journal of General Microbiology 132: 2249-2264.
Grewal S. I., Han B. and Johnstone K. 1995. Identification and characterization of a locus which regulates multiple functions in Pseudomonas tolaasii, the cause of brown blotch disease of Agaricus bisporus. Journal of Bacteriology 177(16): 4658-4668.‏
Grewal S. I. S and Rainey P. B. 1991. Phenotypic variation of Pseudomonas putida and P. tolaasii affects the chemotactic response to Agaricus bisporus mycelial exudate. Microbiology 137(12): 2761-2768.
Grimont P. A. D., Farmer J. J., Grimont F., Asbury M. A., Brenner D. J. and Deval C. 1983. Ewingella americana gen. nov., sp. nov., a new Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens. In Annales De l'Institut Pasteur/Microbiologie. 134: 39-52.
Han B., Pain A. and Johnstone K. 1997. Spontaneous duplication of a 661bp element within a two component sensor regulator gene causes phenotypic switching in the colonies of Pseudomonas tolaasii, cause of brown blotch disease of mushrooms. Molecular Microbiology 25:211–218.
Heizmann W. R. and Michel R. 1991. Isolation of Ewingella americana from a patient with conjunctivitis. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 10(11): 957-959.‏
Inglis P. W. and Peberdy J. F. 1997. Production and purification of a chitinase from Ewingella americana, a recently described pathogen of the mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 157(1): 189-194.‏
Inglis P. W., Burden J. L. and Peberdy J. F. 1996. Evidence for the association of the enteric bacterium Ewingella americana with internal stipe necrosis of Agaricus bisporus. Microbiology 142: 3253-3260.
Inglis P. W. and Peberdy J. F. 1996. Isolation of Ewingella americana from the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Current Microbiology 33: 334‒337.
Islam S., Akanda A. M., Prova A., Islam M. T. and Hossain M. M. 2016. Isolation and identification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from cucumber rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion and disease suppression. Frontiers in Microbiology 6: 1-12.‏
Khabaz Jolfaei H. and Rahimian H. 2002. Brown blotch disease of cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 38: 1-10 (In Persian with English summary).‏
Lee C. J., Jhune C. S., Cheong J. C., Yun H. S. and Cho W. D. 2009. Occurrence of internal stipe necrosis of cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) caused by Ewingella americana in Korea. Mycobiology 37(1): 62-66.
Lee H. I., Jeong K. S. and Cha J. S. 2002. PCR assays for specific and sensitive detection of Pseudomonas tolaasii, the cause of brown blotch disease of mushrooms. Letters in Applied Microbiology 35(4): 276-280.‏
Madbouly A. K., El-Shatoury E. H. and Abouzeid M. A. 2014. Etiology of stipe necrosis of cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) in Egypt. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 53(1): 124-129.‏
Mamoun M., Moquet F., Laffitte J. and Olivier J. M. 1997. Pseudomonas tolaasii:extra-genomic factor mediates toxin production and efficiency. FEMS Microbiology Letters: 153: 215-219.
Mohammadi Goltape E. and Pourjam E. 1995. Bacterial brown blotch of cultivated mushroom in Iran. Proceeding of 12thIranian Plant Protection Congress, Karaj, Iran. P. 389.
Munsch P., Alatossava, T., Marttinen N., Meyer J. M., Christen R. and Gardan L. 2002. Pseudomonas costantinii sp. nov., another causal agent of brown blotch disease, isolated from cultivated mushroom sporophores in Finland. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52: 1973–1983.
 Rainey P. B. 1991. Phenotypic variation of Pseudomonas putida and P. tolaasii affects attachment to Agaricus bisporus mycelium. Journal of General Microbiology 137: 2769–2779.
Rahimian H. and Zarei A. 1995. Bacterial brown blotch of cultivated mushroom in Mazandaran. Proceedings of 12thPlant Protection Congress. Karaj, Iran. P. 372.
Rahimian H. and Zarei A. 1996. Association of Pseudomonas species with basidiocarp collapse of Scleroderma. Plant Disease. 32: 41.
Schaad N. W., Jones J. B. and Chun W. 2001. Laboratory guid for identification of plant pathogenic bacteria. American Phytopathological Society Press. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.373p.
Soler-Rivas C., Jolivet S., Arpin N., Olivier J. M. and Wichers H. J. 1999. Biochemical and physiological aspects of brown blotch disease of Agaricus bisporus. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 23(5): 591-614.‏
Wells J. M., Sapers G. M., Fett W. F., Butterceld J. E., Jones J. B., Buzar H. and Miller F. C. 1996. Postharvest discoloration of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii, P. reactans and P. gingeri. Phytopathology 86(10): 1098-1103.
Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology
Volume 56, Issue 1
August 2020
Pages 33-48

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics