Investigation on Effectiveness of Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Genes in Iran and the Latest Response of Wheat Genotypes from the Cold Agro-climatic Zone to the Disease

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Alborz, Iran

Abstract

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is the most destructive rust of wheat. In this study, in addition to determining the effectiveness of rust resistance genes, the responses of 48 wheat genotypes from the cold agro-climate zone of Iran, including commercial cultivars, candidate lines, and the lines of ERWYT-C-94 were determined to the disease. Disease score of differential cultivars carrying resistance genes to stem rust under field conditions showed the presence of virulence on 31 resistance genes. In this regard, virulence on Sr31 was new for Kelardasht and on Sr1RSAmigo and SrSatu for the whole country. Seedling evaluations of wheat genotypes in the greenhouse showed that three commercial cultivars including MV-17, Pishgam, and Gascogne, four candidate lines including C-88-7, C-88-14, C-89-7, and CD-89-10, and the elite line C-94-6 displayed the lowest infection types to different isolates of P. graminis f.sp. tritici. Adult-plant evaluations under field conditions showed that the candidate line CD-89-10, showing the response of 20R, was the most resistant line among all genotypes tested. Two candidate lines CD-90-4 and CD-90-8, displaying low infection types to most of the isolates, were also among the genotypes with good level of resistance to the disease at seedling stage. These lines, with the responses of 20MR and 40MR, respectively, had also acceptable levels of resistance at adult-plant stage. Considering high frequency of susceptible genotypes to stem rust in cold zone, especially the promising lines, transferring effective stem rust resistance genes to wheat cultivars for this zone is necessary.

Keywords

References

Admassu, B., Lind, V., Friedt, W., and Ordon, F. 2009. Virulence analysis of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici populations in Ethiopia with special consideration of Ug99. Plant Pathology 58: 362-369.
Afshari, F. 2012. Genetics of pathogenicity of wheat stem rust pathogen (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) and reaction of wheat genotypes to the disease. Iranina Journal of Plant Protection Science 43: 357-365 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Afshari, F., Torabi, M., Kia, S., Dadrezaei, S.T., Safavi, S.A., Chaichi, M., Karbalaei-Khiavi, H., Zakeri, A., Bahrami-Kamangar, S., Nasrollahi, M., Patpour, M., and Ebrahimnejad, S. 2005a. Monitoring of virulence factors of Puccinia triticina Eriksson, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust in Iran during 2002-2004. Seed and Plant 21: 485-500 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Afshari, F., Torabi, M., Nazari, K., Malihipour, A., Rajaei, S., Dadrezaei, S.T., Dehghan, M.A., Hooshyar, R., Nasrollahi, M., Chaichi, M., Safavi, S.A., Karbalaei-Khiavi, H., Ahmadian-Moghaddam, M.S., Mardoukhi, V., and Oghnum. 2005b. Virulence factors of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici Westend., the causal agent of wheat yellow rust in some regions of Iran during 2002-2004. Seed and Plant 21: 357-372 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Pathology. Fifth edition. Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, USA. 922 pp.
Anonymous. 2010. Items from Hungary. Annual Wheat Newsletter 56: 52-54.
Bakhtiar, F., Farshadfar, E., Aghaee-Sarbarzeh, M., Ghazvini, H., and Afshari, F. 2015. Study on the presence of yellow and stem rust resistance genes in doubled haploid lines of bread wheat using molecular markers. Crop Biotechnology 10: 41-56 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Balla, L., Bedő, Z., Szunics, L., Lang, L., Szunics, L., Karsai, I., and Vida, G. 1992. Items from Hungary. Annual Wheat Newsletter 38: 109-111.
Bamdadian, A. and Torabi, M. 1978. Epidemiology of wheat stem rust in southern areas of Iran in 1976. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 14: 14-19 (In Farsi).
Błaszczyk, L., Goyeau, H., Huang, X.Q., Röder, M., Stepień, L., and Chełkowski, J. 2004. Identifying leaf rust resistance genes and mapping gene Lr37 on microsatellite map of wheat. Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters 9: 869-878.
Bougot, Y., Lemoine, J., Pavoine, M.T., Barloy, D., and Doussinault, G. 2002. Identification of a microsatellite marker associated with Pm3 resistance alleles to powdery mildew in wheat. Plant Breeding 121: 325-329.
Dadrezaei, S.T. and Nazari, K. 2015. Detection of wheat rust resistance genes in some Iranian wheat genotypes by molecular markers. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 31: 163-187 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Dadrezaei, S.T., Nazari, K., Afshari, F., and Goltapeh, E. 2013. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 in Iranian wheat cultivars and advanced lines. American Journal of Plant Sciences 4: 1821-1833.
Esfandiari, E. 1947. Cereal rusts in Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Applique 4: 67-76 (In Farsi with English abstract).
German S., Barcellos A., Chaves M., Kohli M., Campos P., and Viedma L. 2007. The situation of common wheat rusts in the southern Cone of America and perspectives for control. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58: 620-630.
Goyeau, H. and Park, R.F. 1997. Postulation of resistance genes to wheat rustat the seedling stage in bread wheat cultivars grown in France. Pages 14-28 In: Proceedings of the Conference “Approaches to improving disease resistance to meet future needs: Airborne pathogens of wheat and barley”. Praha, Czech Republic.
Jin Y., Singh, R.P., Ward, R.W., Wanyera, R., Kinyua, M., Njau, P., Fetch, T., Pretorius, Z.A., and Yahyaoui, A. 2007. Characterization of seedling infection types and adult plant infection responses of monogenic Sr gene lines to race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Plant Disease91: 1096‒1099.
Jin, Y., Szabo, L.J., Pretorius, Z.A., Singh, R.P., Ward, R., and Fetch, T. 2008. Detection of virulence to resistance gene Sr24 within race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Plant Disease 92: 923-926.
Knott, D.R. 1989. The Wheat Rusts-Breeding for Resistance. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
Kolmer J.A., Dyck P.L., and Roelfs A.P. 1991. An appraisal of stem and leaf rust resistance in North American hard red spring wheats and the probability of multiple mutations to virulence in populations of cereal rust fungi. Phytopathology 81: 237-239.
Kosová, K., Chrpová, J., and Šíp, V. 2009. Cereal resistance to Fusarium head blight and possibilities of its improvement through breeding. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 45: 87-105.
Limpert, E., Lutz, J., Remlein, E.I., Sutka, J., and Zeller, F.J. 1994. Identification of powdery mildew resistance genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L). III. Hungarian and Croatian cultivars. Journal of Genetics and Breeding 48: 107-112.
Mahfouzi, S., Akbari, A., Chaichi, M., Sanjari, A.G., Nazeri, S.M., Abedi-Oskooee, S. Aminzadeh, G., and Rezaie, M. 2009. Pishgam, a new bread wheat cultivar for normal irrigation and terminal stage deficit irrigation conditions of cold regions of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 25: 513-516 (In Farsi with English abstract).
McDonald, B.A. and Linde, C. 2002. The population genetics of plant pathogens and breeding strategies for durable resistance. Euphytica 124: 163-180.
McIntosh, R.A., Wellings, C.R., and Park, R.F. 1995. Wheat Rusts: An Atlas of Resistance Genes. CSIRO Publications, Victoria, Australia. 200 pp.
McIntosh, R.A., Yamazaki, Y., Dubcovsky, J., Rogers, J., Morris, C., Somers, D.J., Appels, R., and Devos, K.M. 2008. Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat. (http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/wheat/komugi/genes/download.jsp. Accessed 11 Sept 2014). Committee for the National BioResource Project (NBRP)/KOMUGI, Japan.
Mehrabi, R., Sarhangi, M., Ala- Hassani, E., Ghazvini, H., and Afshari, F. 2014. Study on the presence of resistance gene loci to yellow, stem and leaf rust diseases using molecular markers in prereleased wheat lines. Journal of Crop Biotechnology 7: 49-58 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Melinda, T. 2012. Identification and utilization of PCR-based molecularmarkers in breeding wheat for leaf rust resistance. Ph.D. Thesis. Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary. 21 pp.
Mohammadi, M., Torkamaneh, D., and Patpour, M. 2013. Seedling stage resistance of Iranian bread wheat germplasm to race Ug99 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Plant Disease 97: 387-392.
Mojerlou, Sh., Safaei, N., Abasi Moghadam, A., and Shamasbakhsh, M. 2012. Evaluation of some Iranian wheat landraces resistance against stem rust disease at seedling stage in the greenhouse. Journal of Plant Protection 35: 69-82 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Nasrollahi, M. 1998. Virulence factors of stem rust and responses of some advanced wheat genotypes to isolates of the pathogen at seedling stage. M.Sc. thesis. Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran (In Farsi with English abstract).
Nazari, K. and Mafi, M. 2013. Physiological races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Iran and evaluation of seedling resistance to stem rust in Iranian wheat cultivars. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 52: 110-122.
Nazari, K., Mafi, M., Yahyaoui, A., Singh, R.P., and Park, R.F. 2009. Detection of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) race TTKSK (Ug99) in Iran. Plant Disease 93: 317.
Newcomb, M., Olivera, P.D., Rouse, M.N., Szabo, L.J., Johnson, J., Gale, S., Luster, D.G., Wanyera, R., Macharia, G., Bhavani, S., Hodson, D., Patpour, M., Hovmoller, M.S., Fetch, T., and Jin, Y. 2016. Kenyan isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici from 2008 to 2014: Virulence to SrTmp in the Ug99 race group and implications for breeding programs. Phytopathology 106: 729-736.
Olson, E.L., Brown-Guedira, G., Marshall, D.S., Jin, Y., Mergoum, M., Lowe, I., and Dubcovsky, J. 2010. Genotyping of U.S. wheat germplasm for presence of stem rust resistance genes Sr24, Sr36, and Sr1RSAmigo. Crop Science 50: 668-675.
Omrani, A., Aharizad, S., Roohparvar, R., Khodarahmi, M., and Toorchi, M. 2017. Identification of stem and leaf rust resistance genes in some promising wheat lines using molecular markers. Crop Biotechnology 15-25 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Omrani, A., Aharizad, S., Roohparvar, R., Khodarahmi, M., and Toorchi, M. 2018. Virulence factors of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) isolates and identification of resistance sources in CIMMYT wheat synthetic genotypes. Journal of Crop Breeding 10: 84-93 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Pardey, P.G., Beddow, J.M.,  Kriticos, D.J., Hurley, T.M., Park, R.F., Duveiller, E., Sutherst, R.W., Burdon, J.J., and Hodson, D. 2013. Right-Sizing Stem-Rust Research. Science 340: 147-148.
Park, R.F. 2007. Stem rust of wheat in Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58: 558-566. DOI: 10.1071/AR07117.
Patpour, M., Nazari, K., Alavi, S.M., and Mousavi, A. 2014a. Detection of resistance sources to Iranian prevalent stem rust races in commercial wheat cultivars. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 30: 133-154 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Patpour, M., Nazari, K., Ogbonnaya, F., Alavi, S.M., and Mousavi, A. 2014b. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of resistance to stem rust in wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines from Iran and Syria. Crop Breeding Journal 4: 1-14.
Peterson, R.F., Campbell. A.B., and Hannah, A.E. 1948. A diagramatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stem of cereals. Canadian Journal of Research, Section C. Botanical Sciences 26: 496-500.
Pretorious, Z.A., Pakendorf, K.W., Marais, G.F., Prins, R. and Komen, J.S. 2007. Challenges for sustainable cereal rust control in South Africa. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58: 593-601.
Pretorius, Z.A., Singh, R.P., Wagoire, W.W., and Payne, T.S. 2000. Detection of virulence to wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr31 in Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Uganda. Plant Disease 84: 203.
Purnhauser, L., Bona, L., and Lang, L. 2011. Identification of Sr31 and Sr36 stem rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars registered in Hungary. Cereal Research Communications 39: 53-66.
Roelfs, A.P. 1982. Effects of Barberry Eradication on Stem Rust in the United States. Plant Disease 66: 177-181. DOI: 10.1094/PD-66-177.
Roelfs, A.P., Singh, R.P., and Saari, E.E. 1992. Rust Diseases of Wheat: Concepts and Methods of Disease Management. Mexico, D.F. CIMMYT. 81 pp.
Safavi, S.A. and Afshari, F. 2016. First report of breakdown of resistance gene Sr31 in Ardabil by the stem rust pathogen (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici). Entomology and Phytopathology 84: 207-208 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Safavi, S.A. and Afshari, F. 2017. First report of virulence to resistance gene Sr25 by the stem rust pathogen (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Ardabil, North West of Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 53: 119-122 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Sharif, Gh., Bamdadian, A., and Daneshpajoh, B. 1970. Physiological races of wheat stem rust in Iran (1965-1970). Journal of Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 6: 73-100 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Singh, D., Park, R.F., McIntosh, R.A., and Bariana, H.S. 2008a. Characterisation of stem rust and stripe rust seedling resistance genes in selected wheat cultivars from the United Kingdom. Journal of Plant Pathology 90: 553-562.
Singh, R.P., Hodson, D.P., Huerta-Espino, J., Jin, Y., Njau, P., Wanyera, R., Herrera-Foessel, S.A and Ward, R.W. 2008b. Will stem rust destroy the world's wheat crop? Advances in Agronomy 98: 272-309.
Singh, R.P., Hodson, D.P., Jin, Y., Lagudah, E.S., Ayliffe, M.A., Bhavani, S., Rouse, M.N., Pretorius, Z.A., Szabo, L.J., Huerta-Espino, J., Basnet, B.R., Lan, C., and Hovmøller, M.S. 2015. Emergence and Spread of New Races of Wheat Stem Rust Fungus: Continued Threat to Food Security and Prospects of Genetic Control. Phytopathology 105: 872-884.
Stakman, E.C., Stewart, D.M., and Loegering, W.Q. 1962. Identification of physiologic races of Puccinia graminis var. tritici. Agricultural Research Service E617. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC., USA.
Svec, M., Szunics, L., Miklovicova, M., Slovakova, T., Tisova, V., and Hauptvogel, P. 2002. Identification of genes for resistance to wheat powdery mildew in Hungarian, Polish and Slovak wheat cultivars. Plant Protection Science 38: 64-72.
Tommasini, L., Schnurbusch, T., Fossati, D., Mascher, F., and Keller, B. 2007. Association mapping of Stagonospora nodorum blotch resistance in modern European winter wheat varieties. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 115: 697-708.
Vida, G., Gál, M., Uhrin, A., Veisze,O., Wang, Z., Kiss, T., Karsai, I., and Bedő, Z. 2010. Application of molecular markers in breeding for leaf rust resistance in wheat. Pages 65-71 In: Tagung der Vereinigung der Pflanzenzuchter und Saatgutkaufleute Osterreichs, Lehr- und Forschungszentrum für Landwirtschaft ehr- und Forschungszentrum für Landwirtschaft Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Irdning, Austria aumberg-Gumpenstein, Irdning, Austria.
Wanyera, R., Kinyua, M.G., Jin, Y., and Singh, R.P. 2006. The spread of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, with virulence on Sr31 in wheat in Eastern Africa. Plant Disease 90: 113.
Yazdansepas, A., Akbari, A., Sanjari, A., Rezaie, M., Chaichi, M., Babaie, T., Aminzadeh, G., Zareh-Fayzabadi, A., Ezzatahmadi, M., Ashouri, S., Najafi-Mirak, T., Ghodsi, M., Soltani, R., Abedi-Oskouei, M.S., Nazeri, M., Razavi, S.A., Salehi, P., Hosseini-Bai, S.K., Afshari, F., Safavi, S.A., and Pirayeshfar, B. 2011a. Mihan, a new bread wheat cultivar for irrigated and post-anthesis drought stress conditions in cold regions of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 27: 631-634 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Yazdansepas, A., Khodarahmi, M., Rezaie, M., Nazeri, M., Pedram, A., Chaichi, M., Razavi, A., Koucheki, A., Najafi-Mirak, T., Babaie, T., Sanjari, A., Ezzatahmadi, M., Ghodsi, M., Ashouri, S., Soltani, R., Aminzadeh, G., Abedi-Oskouei, M.S., Salehi, P., Hosseini-Bai, S.K., Afshari, F., Houshyar, R., Pirayeshfar, B., Malihipour, A., Aghnum, R., Safavi, S.A., and Zareh-Fayzabadi, A. 2011b. Zareh, a new bread wheat cultivar for irrigated and post-anthesis drought stress conditions in cold regions of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 27: 635-638 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Yazdansepas, A., Najafi-Mirak, T., Golkari, S., Rezaie, M., Ashouri, S., Nazeri, M., Ghodsi, M., Razavi, A., Ezzatahmadi, M., Chaichi, M., Babaie, T., Sanjari, A., Aminzadeh, G., Safavi, S.A., Abedi, M.S., Salehi, P., Hosseini-Bai, S.K., Afshari, F., Soltani, R., Pedram, A., Koucheki, A., Houshyar, R., Seif, I., Malihipour, A., Pirayeshfar, B., and Aghnum, R. 2011c. Oroum, a new bread wheat cultivar for irrigated condition in cold regions of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 27: 445-448 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Zahravi, M., Azimi, H., Dehghan, M.A., Allahyari, N., Alitabar, R., Pourmoghaddam, H. 2017. Determinaton of resistance sources to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) in Iranian bread wheat germplasm. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 33: 45-65 (In Farsi with English abstract).
Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology
Volume 56, Issue 1
August 2020
Pages 69-97

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics