Cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) in Iran: Importance, distribution, identification and management strategies

Document Type : Review

Authors

1 Yasouj

2 Ahvaz

3 Nematology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection

4 Dep. of Nematology Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection

Abstract

The Avenae group of the cyst nematode genus Heterodera Schmidt, 1871, comprises five economically important species that predominantly parasitize monocotyledonous plants and are collectively known as cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs). Among these species, H. filipjevi, H. latipons, and H. avenae are widely distributed throughout the major wheat-growing regions of Iran respectively. These nematodes cause significant yield losses, particularly under rainfed conditions and water stress. However, the extent of damage varies depending on population density, climatic conditions, soil type, host genotype, and other environmental factors. Yield losses caused by these nematodes have been estimated to range from 11 to 55% under microplot conditions and from 11 to 28% under field conditions across different wheat cultivars. Moreover, their interaction with soil-borne fungi responsible for crown and root rot diseases can exacerbate yield losses. Several studies have evaluated the response of commonly cultivated wheat cultivars in Iran and selected germplasm from other countries to H. filipjevi, mainly under greenhouse conditions and, in some cases, under field conditions. These studies classified wheat cultivars as resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible, or highly susceptible. This review summarizes the distribution, damage, identification, and integrated management of CCNs in Iran, with particular emphasis on geographic information systems (GIS), SNP-based markers, association mapping, and the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying wheat resistance.

Keywords

Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology
Volume 61, Issue 3.4
February 2025
Pages 115-147

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