بررسی فاکتورهای بیماری‌زایی قارچ Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici عامل بیماری زنگ سیاه گندم در استان اردبیل در سه سال متوالی (1396-1398)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج.

2 بخش تحقیقات بیماری های گیاهی، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

3 بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

چکیده

زنگ سیاه یا ساقه گندم با عامل قارچی (Pgt) Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici یکی از شایع‌ترین و خسارت‌زاترین بیماری-های گندم در جهان و ایران به‌شمار می‌آید. در شرایط مساعد و تشکیل شدن هرم بیماری، بیمارگر توانایی از بین بردن محصول گندم در مدت زمان کوتاه را دارد. قارچ Pgt به‌دلیل تکمیل نمودن چرخه جنسی، جهش و هیبریداسیون از تغییر پذیری ژنتیکی بالایی در ساختار جمیعت برخوردار می‌باشد و هم این امر سبب ایجاد نژادهای جدید (تنوع نژادی) با الگوی بیماری‌زایی متفاوت می‌شود. یکی از نژادهای پرآزار و مهم قارچ Pgt که در دهه‌های اخیر ظاهر شده و خسارت‌های فراوانی به محصول گندم در سطح جهان تحمیل نموده است، نژاد (Ug99) TTKSK می‌باشد. این نژاد در داخل کشور نیز شناسایی و گزارش شده است. با این حال مطمئن‌ترین، سالم‌ترین و مقرون به صرفه‌ترین روش مدیریت و کنترل این بیماری، استفاده از مقاومت ژنتیکی است. آشنایی دقیق از ساختار ژنتیکی جمعیت بیمارگر (نژادها) و آگاهی از فاکتورهای (ژن‌های) بیماری‌زایی نژادهای Pgt در هر منطقه اولین گام و به مشابه نقشه راه برای رسیدن به مقاومت‌های موثر و پایدار ژنتیکی می-باشد. یکی از راه‌های بررسی روند تغییر الگوی بیماری‌زایی نژادها در هر منطقه با رصد فاکتورهای بیماری‌زایی روی ژنوتیپ‌های افتراقی زنگ سیاه در خزانه‌های تله میسر می‌گردد. بدین منظور در سه سال متوالی (1398-1396) پایش فاکتورهای بیماری‌زایی نژادهای Pgt و همچنین اثر بخشی ژن‌های مقاومت موجود در ژنوتیپ‌های افتراقی بین‌المللی نسبت به نژادهای Pgt موجود در استان اردبیل، بررسی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Virulence Factors of Stem Rust Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Ardabil Province in three consecutive years (2017-2019)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Karbalaei khiavi 1
  • Mohammad Razavi 2
  • Yaghoob Rashidi Dodkesh 3
1 Assistant Professor, Plant Protection Research Department. Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran
2 Plant Pathology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, AREEO, Tehran, Iran.
3 Plant Protection Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Stem or black rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) is one of the most common and harmful wheat diseases in Iran and worldwide. Under favorable conditions and the formation of the disease pyramid, the pathogen can destroy the wheat crops in a short time. Pgt has high genetic variability in the population structure due to the completion of the sexual cycle, which causes the creation of new races (race diversity) with a completely different pathogenicity pattern. TTKSK (Ug99) is one of the most critical race of Pgt that has appeared in recent decades and has caused much damage to wheat crops worldwide. This race had identified and reported in the country. However, the safest and at the same time most cost-effective way to manage and control this disease is to use genetic resistance. Accurate knowledge of the genetic structure of the pathogen population (existing races) in each region and knowledge of the virulence factors (genes) of stem rust races is the first step and similar to the roadmap to achieve effective and stable genetic resistance. One way to study the trend of changing pathogenicity patterns of races in each region is to observe virulence factors on stem rust differential genotypes in a trap nursery. For this purpose, virulence factors of Pgt races and the effectiveness of resistance genes in international differential genotypes investigated for three consecutive years (2017-2020) in the Ardabil province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Disease Pyramid
  • Gene
  • Resistance reaction
  • Stem Rust
  • Virulent

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بیماریهای گیاهی
دوره 57، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 65-79

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