ارزیابی مقاومت به قارچ کش ها و واکنش جدایه های Alternaria alternata سیب زمینی در منطقه اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسنده

عضو هئیت علمی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

بلایت زودرس یا سوختگی سیب زمینی که توسط گونه های مختلف Alternaria ایجاد می شود، یکی از بیماری های مخرب و شایع سیب زمینی در دنیا می باشد. در سال های اخیر بیماری در مناطق تولید سیب زمینی کشور خصوصا استان اصفهان گسترش پیدا کرده است و کشاورزان غالبا برای کنترل بیماری از قارچ کش ها استفاده می کنند. با توجه به مشکل بروز مقاومت در برخی قارچ ها به قارچ کش ها، این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی حساسیت/مقاومت نه جدایه A. alternata به قارچ کش های رایج (مانکوزب، کلروتالونیل، ایمین اکتادین تریس و کانسنتو) با استفاده از روش بازدارندگی رشد رویشی در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه انجام شد. نتایج نشان می دهد که جدایه های جمع آوری شده از مزارع سیب زمینی که به طور مرتب با قارچ کش هایی مانند مانکوزب سم پاشی شده اند، دارای کمترین حساسیت به مانکوزب بوده اند. بر عکس، در برابر کلروتالونیل در این جدایه ها کمترین اختلاف در حساسیت مشاهده گردید. در آزمایش های گلخانه ای بیشترین کنترل بیماری توسط کلروتالونیل و مانکوزب صورت گرفت. این دو قارچ کش در مقدار توصیه شده باعث کاهش شدت بیماری به کمتر از 15% در یک دوره 20 روزه پس از مایه زنی شدند. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده با ملاحظه سطح مقاومت مشاهده شده در شرایط آزمایشگاهی، کاربرد مانکوزب در تناوب با سایر قارچ کش ها مانند کلروتالونیل و ایمین اکتادین تریس می تواند قابل توصیه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of fungicide resistance in Alternaria alternata isolates of potato in Isfahan region

نویسنده [English]

  • Bahram Sharifnabi
Isfahan University of Technology
چکیده [English]

Early blight of potato caused by Alternaria species is one of the most destructive and prevalent diseases of potato in the world. In recent years, the disease has become important in Iranian potato-producing regions, especially in Isfahan province, and farmers often use fungicides to control the disease. Considering the problem of resistance to some common fungi, this study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility/resistance of nine isolates of A. alternata to conventional fungicides (mancozeb, chlorothalonil, iminoctadine tris, Concento) by using vegetative growth inhibition method under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. The results revealed that most isolates collected from potato fields that were regularly treated with fungicides such as mancozeb exhibited less sensitivity to mancozeb. In contrast, against chlorothalonil, the least difference was observed in the susceptibility of different isolates. The greenhouse experiment showed that the highest control of the disease could be achieved by chlorothalonil and mancozeb treatment. These two fungicides at their recommended concentrations reduced the severity of the disease to less than 15 percent for 20 days after inoculation. Based on the results, concerning the resistance levels observed in the laboratory conditions, mancozeb application might be recommended in alternation with other fungicides such as chlorothalonil and iminoctadine tris.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Resistance
  • Growth inhibition
  • Chlorothalonil
  • Mancozeb
  • Iminoctadine tris
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Pscheidt, J. and Stevenson, W. 1988. The critical period for control of early blight (Alternaria solani) of potato. American Journal of Potato Research, 65: 425-438.
Reuveni, M. and Sheglov, D. 2002. Effects of azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, polyoxin b (polar) and trifloxystrobin on germination and growth of Alternaria alternata and decay in red delicious apple fruit. Crop Protection21: 951- 955.
Rodriguez, N., Kowalski, B., Rodriguez, L., Caraballoso, I., Suarez, M., Perez, P., Quintana, C., González, N. and Ramos, R. J. J. o. p. 2007. In vitro and ex vitro selection of potato plantlets for resistance to early blight. Journal of Phytopathology, 155: 582-586.
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Shi, X., Ren, L., Song, Y., Han, J., Liu, H. and Zhang, Y. 2015. Sensitivity of Alternaria solani to boscalid and control of boscalid resistance with commonly-used fungicides in shanxi, China. Australas. Plant Pathology, 44: 327-334.
Shtienberg, D., Bergeron, S., Nicholson, A., Fry, W. and Ewing, E. 1990. Development and evaluation of a general model for yield loss assessment in potatoes. Phytopathology, 80: 466-472.
Simmons, E. 2007. Alternaria, an identification manual. Utrecht: CBS fungal biodiversity centre, 775 p. 
Staub, T. 1991. Fungicide resistance: Practical experience with anti resistance strategies and the role of integrated use. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 29: 421-442.
Sujkowski, L., Fry, B., Power, R., Goodwin, S., Peever, T. and Hamlen, R. 1995. Sensitivities of Mexican isolates of Phytophthora infestans to chlorothalonil, cymoxanil, and metalaxyl. Plant Disease, 79: 1117- 1120.
Tillman, R. W., Siegel, M. R. and Long, J. W. 1973. Mechanism of action and fate of the fungicide chlorothalonil (2, 4, 5, 6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) in biological systems: I. Reactions with cells and subcellular components of saccharomyces pastorianus. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 3: 160-167.
Wang, H., Sun, H., Stammler, G., Ma, J. and Zhou, M. 2010. Generation and characterization of isolates of Peronophythora litchii resistant to carboxylic acid amide fungicides. Phytopathology100: 522-527.
Weber, R. W. and Hahn, M. 2011. A rapid and simple method for determining fungicide resistance in Botrytis. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 118: 17-25