شناسایی و بیماری‌زایی گونه‌های Fusarium عامل پوسیدگی ریشه لوبیا با تاکید بر مطالعه فیلوژنتیکی و دامنه میزبانی گونه مرکبFusarium solani در استان مرکزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، شیراز، ایران

2 دانشیار، بخش گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

3 استاد بیماری شناسی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

4 استاد، بخش گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

5 استاد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

پوسیدگی‌های فوزاریومی ریشه از بیماری‌های مهم لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris) هستنند. به منظور شناسایی فوزاریوم‌های عامل پوسیدگی ریشه لوبیا در استان مرکزی، در تابستان سال‌های 1397 و 1398 از مزارع لوبیا بازدید و از بوته‌های آلوده به پوسیدگی ریشه، نمونه‌برداری شد و در آزمایشگاه جداسازی و خالص‌سازی قارچ‌ها انجام گرفت. براساس خصوصیات ریخت‌شناختی و توالی‌‌یابی دو ناحیه ژنی فاصله‌ی ترانویسی شده‌ی داخلی دی‌اِن‌اِی ریبوزومی (ITS) و عامل امتداد ترجمه‌ی یک آلفا ( EF-1α)، 37 جدایه فوزاریوم، شامل گونه‌های مرکبFusarium oxysporum ، F. solani و F. lateritium و همچنین گونه‌های F. equiseti ، F. acuminatum و F. redolens شناسایی شدند. همه‌ی جدایه‌ها پس از مایه‌زنی روی لوبیا‌ی رقم صدری، پوسیدگی ریشه ایجاد کردند. از آن‌جا که جدایه‌هایF. solani بیشترین فراوانی را داشتند، 12 جدایه از این گروه انتخاب و روابط فیلوژنتیکی آنها مطالعه شد. از سه تبار گونه‌ی مرکبF. solani ، جدایه‌ها در تبار شماره دو و سه قرار گرفتند. تنها یک جدایه در تبار دو قرار گرفت که خصوصیات آن با مشخصات گونهF. brasiliense مطابقت داشت. سایر جدایه‌ها در تبار سه و در دو زیرگروه قرار گرفتند. در آزمون بیماریزایی دامنه میزبانی جدایه‌های F. solani، هیچ کدام از جدایه‌ها روی عدس و لوبیا چشم بلبلی بیماری‌زا نبودند، اما تعدادی از جدایه‌ها موجب پوسیدگی ریشه نخود، سویا، ماش و پوسیدگی غده‌ی سیب‌زمینی شدند. گونه‌های F. lateritium، F. redolensوF. brasiliense برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium species causing bean root rot with emphasize on phylogenetic study and host range of Fusarium solani species complex in Markazi Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmaeil Rahkhodaei 1
  • Habib Hamzehzarghani 2
  • ziaeddin Banihashemi 3
  • Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa 4
  • reza farrokhi nejad 5
1 Plant protection department, Agriculture and natural resources research and education center of Fars province, Horticultural Research Institute. Shiraz. Iran.
2 Associate Prof, Plant protection department School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz,
3 Prof., of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz
4 Prof., Plant protection department, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz
5 : Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Fusarium rot is one of the most important diseases of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). In order to identify Fusaria that cause bean root rot in Markazi Province (Iran), in the summer of 2018 and 2019, several bean fields were visited and infected plants with root rot were sampled and the fungi were isolated in the laboratory. Based on morphological and sequencing characteristics of internal transcribed spacers of rDNA (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) gene regions, 37 Fusarium isolates, including Fusarium oxysporum species complex, F. solani species complex, and F. lateritium species complex, as well as F. equiseti, F. acuminatum and F. redolens were identified. All isolates caused root rot on Sadry bean cultivar. Since F. solani isolates were the most common, twelve isolates of this group were selected and their phylogenetic relationships were studied. Of the three Clades of F. solani species complex, the isolates were placed in Clade 2 and 3. Only one isolate was found in Clade 2 whose properties matched those of F. brasiliense. The other isolates were classified in Clade 3 divided into two subgroups. In host range tests of F. solani isolates, none of the isolates was pathogenic on lentils, vetch and cowpea. A number of isolates caused root rot in chickpeas, soybeans, and potato tubers. F. lateritium, F. redolens and F. brasiliense are reported for the first time from Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Beans
  • Morphology
  • Phylogeny
  • Internal transcribed spacers of rDNA (ITS) and Translation elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α)

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بیماریهای گیاهی
دوره 57، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 217-236

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