تعیین برخی ویژگی‌های زیستی و رفتاری زنجرک Hishimonus phycitis، ناقل بیماری جاروک لیموترش با هدف مدیریت بیماری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

2 استادیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

3 استاد بیماری شناسی بخش گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

تعیین ناقل و ویژگی­های انتقال یکی از فاکتورهای کلیدی در مطالعه اپیدمیولوژی و کنترل بیماری­های فیتوپلاسمایی از جمله بیماری فیتوپلاسمایی جاروک لیموترش می­باشد. تحقیق حاضر با هدف شناسایی ناقل/ناقلین بیماری جاروک لیموترش و بررسی برخی ویژگی­های ناقل این بیماری طی سال­های 90-1385 در استان­های هرمزگان و فارس انجام شد. بررسی­های به عمل آمده در مورد حشرات مکنده جمع آوری شده در باغ­های آلوده هشتبندی، میناب و رودان (استان هرمزگان) با استفاده از آزمون پی­سی­آر و RFLP نشان داد که فیتوپلاسمای مزبور تنها در بدن زنجرک Hishimonus phycitis و پسیل آسیایی مرکبات (Diaphorina citri) وجود دارد ولی تنها زنجرکH. Phycitis  که پیشتر به عنوان ناقل معرفی شده قادر به انتقال فیتوپلاسما می­باشد. زنجرک H. Phycitis  در شرایط طبیعی فقط از روی لیموترش و بکرایی جمع آوری شد در صورتی­که در شرایط گلخانه، این زنجرک زیر سرپوش پلاستیکی روی کنار و گونه­های مختلف مرکبات تکثیرشد. زنجرک ناقل روی گیاهان علفی شامل بادنجان، هندوانه، هویج ویونجه که در هند به عنوان میزبان این زنجرک گزارش شده­اند، تکثیر نشد. جمعیت زنجرک ناقل در ماه­های بسیار گرم (خرداد تا آبان) روی درختان لیموترش بسیار پایین بود ولی با خنک شدن هوا، جمعیت آن به تدریج افزایش یافت به طوری­که در اواخر زمستان و بهار به بیشترین تعداد رسید. جمعیت حشره ناقل روی درختان آلوده لیموترش با اختلاف بسیار معنی­داری بیشتر از جمعیت آن روی درختان سالم بود که می­تواند نشان دهنده اثرگذاری جاروک­ها در جلب و تکثیر حشره ناقل و امکان کنترل حشره ناقل و متعاقب آن بیماری جاروک از طریق حذف جاروک­ها باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of partial biological and behavioral traits of Hishimonus phycitis, vector of lime witches’ broom, for management of the disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Salehi 1
  • A. Bagheri 2
  • M. M. Faghihi 2
  • K. Izadpanah 3
چکیده [English]

Witches’ broom disease of lime (WBDL) is a serious threat to lime industry in Iranian southern provinces. Vector identification and transmission characteristics are main factors in epidemiology and management of phytoplasma diseases including WBDL. Investigation of the collected sucking insect fauna on witches’ broom infected lime trees in Hashtbandee, Minab and Roodan (Hormozgan province) using PCR and RFLP assays showed that Hishimonus phycitis leafhopper and Diaphorina citri were positive for 'Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia' presence. However, only H. phycitis, previously identified as vector of WBDL, successfully transmitted the phytoplasma to Bakraee (Citrus reticulate hybrid) seedlings and bearing lime trees. Host range studies showed that H. phycitis can reproduce only on citrus and ziziphus species and was unable to reproduce on eggplant, watermelon, alfalfa and carrot, reported hosts of H. phycitis in india. Results of population fluctuation revealed a main peak for the H. phycitis from February to March. However, the lowest population density was observed in warm months (May to October). The population density of vector on healthy and witches’ broom affected trees was compared and the results revealed that the population density of vector was significantly higher on witches’ broom affected trees than healthy ones. It can demonstrate that in affected lime trees, witches’ broom branches can prepare appropriate niche for H. phycitis reproduction. On the basis of the above data, it is possible to predict that cutting of witches’ broom can be an effective approach for reduction of vector population and WBDL management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia
  • Hishimonus phycitis
  • leafhopper vector
  • lime
  • molecular analyses

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