ارزیابی بیماری‌زایی چند گونه Fusarium جدا شده از بذر برنج در آزمایشگاه و ردیابی میزان انتقال بیماری پوسیدگی طوقه برنج توسط بذر

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، معاونت مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل.

2 استاد گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

چکیده

آلودگی قارچی بذر برنج به گونه‌های فوزاریوم مشکل بزرگی برای کشاورزان در دنیا و ایران می‌باشد. شناخت قدرت تهاجمی گونه‌های فوزاریوم مزارع برنج برای توسعه استراتژی‌ مدیریت بیماری‌های ناشی از آنها مفید و موثر است. در این پژوهش بیماری‌زایی 47 جدایه از گونه‌های Fusarium fujikuroi، F. incarnatum، F. proliferatum، F. thapsinum، F. andyazi، F. oxysporum، F. graminearumو F. merismoidesکه از بذور برنج استان‌های مازندران، گیلان، گلستان، خوزستان و فارس جداسازی شدند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بیماری‌زایی به روش آغشتگی بذر برنج به سوسپانسیون کنیدیوم‌ها در آزمایشگاه، خزانه و مزرعه برنج بررسی گردید. درصد گیاهچه‌های سالم، بیمار و مرده، مشاهده و ثبت شدند و درصد وقوع بیماری تعیین شد. همچنین میزان انتقال بیماری پوسیدگی طوقه توسط بذر به خزانه و مزرعه برنج تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که همه جدایه‌های مورد بررسی، روی گیاهچه برنج بیماری‌زا بودند و درصد جوانه‌زنی را در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش دادند و فقط تک جدایه F. merismoidesغیر بیماری‌زا بود. جدایه‌های F. fujikuroi بالاترین شاخص وقوع بیماری را داشتند. همچنین بین گونه‌های Fusarium، جدایه‌های درون هر گونه و جدایه‌های به دست آمده از پنج استان از نظر شاخص وقوع بیماری‌ اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح یک درصد وجود داشت. بر اساس میزان وقوع بیماری، 1/2 درصد جدایه‌ها در گروه غیر بیماری‌زا، 6/25 درصد جدایه‌ها در گروه بیماری‌زای ضعیف،1/34 درصد بیماری‌زا و 2/38 درصد در گروه بیماری‌زای شدید قرار گرفتند. در این پژوهش، میزان انتقال بیماری توسط بذر به خزانه، 38 درصد بود. اما پس از ضد عفونی بذر با قارچکش، میزان انتقال بیماری به خزانه از 38 به 6/3 درصد کاهش یافت. این نتایج اهمیت ضد عفونی بذر برنج با قارچکش مناسب برای مبارزه با بیماری پوسیدگی طوقه را نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the pathogenicity of several Fusarium species isolated from rice seed in laboratory and tracing of seeds transmission of rice bakanae disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • V. Khosravi 1
  • M. Javan-Nikkhah 2
  • H. Saremi 2
  • S. Naeimi 3
چکیده [English]

The fungal infection of rice seeds with Fusarium species, is a major problem for farmers in Iran and the world. Determining the pathogenicity of Fusarium species in rice fields might be helpful in development of strategies for management of the relevant diseases. In this research, the pathogenicity of forty seven isolates of Fusarium belonged to Fusarium fujikuroi, F. incarnatum, F.prolifratum, F. thapsinum, F. andyazi, F. oxysporum, F. graminearum and F. merismides obtained from rice seeds in Mazandaran, Guilan, Golestan, Khuzestan and Fars provinces were investigated. The pathogenicity test was performed by rice seed dressing method using spore suspension as inoculum in invitro, nursery and the paddy field. Percentage of healthy, unhealthy and dead seedlings recorded and percentage of disease incidence was determined. Also, the transmission rate of bakanae disease by seeds from the laboratory to the nursery and the paddy was determined. The results showed that all isolates were pathogenic on rice seedling and reduced germination percentage compared to control, and only one isolate of F. merismoides was non-pathogenic. F. fujikuroi isolates had the highest disease incidence rate. In addition, there was a significant difference among Fusarium species, isolates of each species and the five provinces in terms of disease incidence. Based on the disease incidence, 2.1% of the isolates placed in the non-pathogenic group, 25.6% of the isolates were in the moderate pathogenic, 34.1% of the isolates were pathogenic and 38.2% considered as severe pathogenic group. In this research, the rate of disease transmission from contaminated seeds to the nursery was 38%., but after seed disinfection, with fungicide, the transmission rate of the disease dropped from 38% to 3.6%. These results show the importance of rice seed treatment with fungicides for the control of bakanae disease.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fusarium
  • Pathogen
  • Pathogenicity test
  • Rice
  • Seedborne

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بیماریهای گیاهی
دوره 55، شماره 3
مهر 1398
صفحه 193-208

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