تأثیر قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار، (Glomus mosseae وG. intraradices) و قارچ‌‌های آنتاگونیست Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia و Purpureocillium lilacinum بر شاخص‌های بیماریزایی و تکثیر Meloidogyne javanica در سه پایه هلو در شرایط گلخانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 -

2 دانشگاه شهرکرد هیئت علمی

3 گروه گیاهپزشکی - دانشکده کشاورزی - دانشگاه زابل

4 گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی -دانشگاه زابل

5 وزارت علوم- تهران -ایران

چکیده

کنترل زیستی یکی از روش‌هایی است که برای کاهش خسارت نماتدها به طور وسیع مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. به منظور بررسی اثر قارچ‌های مهار زیستی بر شاخص‌های بیماریزایی و تکثیر نماتد ریشه‌گرهی Meloidogyne javanica، از دو گونه قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار Glomus mosseae، G. intraradices و قارچ‌هایchlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia Pochoniaو Purpureocillium lilacinum در سه رقم پایه هلو (هلندری، محلی شوراب 3 و GF677) استفاده شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در 30 تیمار و پنج تکرار در شرایط گلخانه انجام پذیرفت. ارزیابی‌ها 90 روز بعد از مایه‌زنی پایه‌های رویشی با نماتد و با استفاده از اندازه‌گیری شاخص‌های رشدی گیاه، و پارامترهای رشدی نماتد انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از بررسی شاخص‌های تکثیری نماتد، نشان دهنده‌ی تأثیر معنی‌دار قارچvar. chlamydosporia P. chlamydosporiaروی کاهش فعالیت زیستی نماتد، در مقایسه با سایر قارچ‌های کنترل زیستی بود. به نحوی که تعداد گال، توده تخم، لارو سن دوم و فاکتور تولید مثل در رقم حساس GF677 تیمار شده با این قارچ به ترتیب 2/42، 8/41، 39 و 36/6 درصد نسبت به شاهد این رقم بدون حضور قارچ کاهش یافت. هر چند قارچ مذکور روی تمام مراحل رشدی نماتد مؤثر بود، ولی در کاهش تعداد توده تخم و تعداد تخم در هر توده تخم، تأثیر بیشتری نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices and antagonistic fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia and Purpureocillium lilacinum on disease indices and reproduction rate of Meloidogyne javanica in three peach rootstocks under greenhouse conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • akram abdolahi arjenaki 1
  • Aliakbar fadaie tehrani 2
  • naser panjekeh 3
  • Mohammad Salari 4
  • Abdolhosain taheri 5
1 -
2 Associate Prof. for plant pathology, Plant Protection Dep., Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering. University of shhrekord
3 Dept. of plant protection-faculty of agriculture- Zabol University
4 Dept.of plant protection-faculty of agriculture-Zabol university
5 Ministry of Science -tehran
چکیده [English]

Biocontrol is one of the methods widely studied to reduce nematode damage. The biological control efficacy of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices and two antagonistic fungi, Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia and Purpureocillium lilacinum on disease indices and reproduction rate of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica were studied on three local cultivars of peach rootstocks namely Helendri, Shorabi3 and Gf677. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 30 treatments and five replications under greenhouse conditions. Evaluations were performed 90 days after nematode inoculation by measuring the plant growth parameters and growth and reproduction rate of M. javanica. Results of nematode reproduction indices showed more effect of P. chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia on reduction of nematode biological activity than other biocontrol fungi. The number of galls, egg masses, second stage juveniles and reproduction factor in GF677 treated with this fungus decreased comparing to control, as 42.2, 41.8, 39 and 6.36 percent, respectively. Although the fungus was effective on all stages of nematode development, but the number of egg masses and number of eggs per egg mass were more affected.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Peach rootstocks
  • Biocontrol
  • Root knot nematode

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بیماریهای گیاهی
دوره 56، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 163-175

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